Focus stacking

Focus stacking is a method of maximizing the depth of field of an image. Several images of an object are taken within a very short time, whereby the focus point is shifted slightly with each image. In this way, a new, very small area is precisely captured step by step for each image. These images are then stacked using the software, i.e. combined in such a way that only the sharp areas of each photo are integrated into the final image. The end result is a consistently sharp image with maximum detail.

We offer two methods for this: firstly, changing the focal plane by moving the camera to a new position on the camera slider, whereby the secure fixing on the slider also prevents any shifts or distortions, and secondly by controlling the lens and the focus setting via a motorized focus. In both cases, the process can be precisely programmed using presetting in our scanning software. The result is a razor-sharp image of incredible detail, which can provide scientists with new information for analysis and comparisons and is a real eye-catcher for aficionados.

However, focus stacking is not only the ideal solution for the digitization of herbaria but is also suitable for all collections whose objects have three-dimensional structures and whose details are to be examined more closely: whether insects, coins, pottery fragments, textile fragments, etc. – there are virtually no limits to the possible applications.

Our new tool is being used for the first time in an extensive project at the Thuringian University and State Library Jena (ThULB) to digitize the Herbarium Haussknecht (JE) with our high-performance scanner book2net Archive Pro A2+

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Sharpness down to the last fiber – digitizing herbaria with the new focus stacking tool

What we are familiar with on a small scale at home, when we have collected, dried and pressed leaves in the fall, also exists in science − albeit on a completely different level and with considerably more effort: In herbaria, plants or parts of plants are collected, the respective name is added, as well as the collector and the place of discovery.  One of the purposes of such a collection is to compare the archived plant with others that are still growing. Herbaria play a particularly important role in botany, but other sciences, such as archaeology, can also benefit from them. Last but not least, such a collection also offers everyone who is interested exciting insights and orientation in the world of flora. Whether science or “just” amateur interest – when an herbarium is digitized, a large audience gains access to a huge database with detailed illustrations and associated information at the same time and without significant effort.

Impressive technology for the highest demands

One such digitization project is currently underway at the Thuringian University and State Library Jena (ThULB). The huge holdings (approx. 4 million plant specimens) of the Haussknecht Herbarium (JE) (https://www.thulb.uni-jena.de/thulb/standorte/herbarium-haussknecht) are being digitized here. The collection was named after the pharmacist and botanist Carl Haussknecht (1838-1903), who laid the foundation in 1896.

In addition to the collection of dried plants and other plant specimens, the Haussknecht herbarium (JE) also includes an important specialist botanical library and an archive on the history of botany. The digitized plant specimens are made available to the public via the virtual herbarium (https://www.herbarium.uni-jena.de/32/virtuelles-herbarium).

Thanks to generous funding from the Thuringian Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, the ThULB, together with the Senckenberg Institute for Plant Form and Function Jena (SIP), was able to purchase our high-performance scanner book2net Archive Pro A2+ to expand the digitization possibilities especially for herbarium specimens.

The book2net Archive Pro has been equipped with our M150 camera, which now also uses the new “Focus Stacking Tool” for the first time. This is an ingenious method for capturing every area of the objects to be digitized in detail and with absolute sharpness.

For a true-to-scale, brilliant image in high resolution, which also guarantees a constant depth of field across the entire area being captured, an even surface level is the ideal prerequisite. However, plants or parts of them, such as flowers, do not have flat surfaces, but three-dimensional structures. As it is unthinkable to “flatten” such precious unique specimens using a glass plate, focus stacking, also known as focal plane merging or focus blending, is used in this case to create images with exceptional depth of field.

The new focus stacking tool

Focus stacking is a method of maximizing the depth of field of an image.

Several images of an object are taken within a very short time, whereby the focus point is shifted slightly with each image. In this way, a new, very small area is precisely captured step by step for each image. These images are then stacked using the software, i.e. combined in such a way that only the sharp areas of each photo are integrated into the final image. The end result is a consistently sharp image with maximum detail.

We offer two methods for this: firstly, changing the focal plane by moving the camera to a new position on the camera slider, whereby the secure fixing on the slider also prevents any shifts or distortions, and secondly by controlling the lens and the focus setting via a motorized focus. In both cases, the process can be precisely programmed using presetting in our scanning software. The result is a razor-sharp image of incredible detail, which can provide scientists with new information for analysis and comparisons and is a real eye-catcher for aficionados.

However, focus Stacking is not only the ideal solution for the digitization of herbaria but is also suitable for all collections whose objects have three-dimensional structures and whose details are to be examined more closely: whether insects, coins, pottery fragments, textile fragments, etc. – there are virtually no limits to the possible applications.

Contact us

    To receive non-binding offer or any other information please send us a message. You can learn more from our FAQ.

    Please read our Data Protection Policy.

    scan2mobile – The smart solution for your book2net scanners

    The innovative software feature of MICROBOX

    The smartphone is a faithful companion. As it is useful for everything from app stores to Zoom meetings, we at MICROBOX have now developed a service that integrates the smartphone and makes digitizing with book2net scanners even more convenient than it already is. The solution is called scan2mobile and is likely to delight users of libraries and public archives in particular.

    Specifically, it involves saving digital copies on a smartphone. Until now, books, sketches, newspapers and other documents have been scanned in publicly accessible areas and the results are usually saved on a USB stick.

    The IT in the book2net scanning systems has guaranteed security for the device itself and for the external data carrier and will continue to do so. But now scan2mobile is being added. There are also options for storing digital copies in the cloud or having them sent automatically by email. The real breakthrough, however, is the smartphone solution.

    Digitization made easy

    First things first: if you want to conveniently download the files to your smartphone, you don’t need an app, so you don’t have to maintain one. Instead, you can access a browser-based solution completely independent of the operating system−for example iOS or Android−which we are happy to provide.

    It’s fast, convenient and completely independent of potential fluctuations in the Internet connection, because we have our own hotspot to ensure that scan2mobile works perfectly, no matter where the library or archive is located.

    It is obvious that this smart service is primarily recommended for public areas, where there is a high turnover of users and everyone can quickly pull a few scans onto their smartphone and then share the device with the next person. Now the digital copies can be accessed anywhere conveniently and in the usual excellent book2net quality. It couldn’t be simpler, especially as your trusty smartphone is always with you anyway.

    Contact us

      To receive non-binding offer or any other information please send us a message. You can learn more from our FAQ.

      Please read our Data Protection Policy.
      CyberGlobe Culture

      A game changer in 3D technology

      A game changer in 3D technology

      Museums want to be places of experience, convey facts without being boring, show rarities, amaze and make people go home happy after their visit. And they want to go out into the world themselves. They don’t want to be tied to rooms, they want to be able to be experienced online everywhere. At any time. The Internet makes many things possible, but how do I manage to present exhibits exactly as they look? Three-dimensionally, from all sides, in top quality, without distortion. If this can be achieved, cultural history can be preserved digitally. You can arouse the enthusiasm of many people around the world for exhibits that they would otherwise have to go to a museum to see.

      The perfect scanning of a three-dimensional object is no longer a dream of the future: with the CYBERGLOBE Culture, we have launched a game changer for the cultural sector. The 3D scanner makes no compromises in terms of quality. Three-dimensional scanning in itself is not a completely new invention, but what is new is that the digitized image does not differ from the original in any way, no matter how small.

      There are also numerous other advantages that make the CYBERGLOBE Culture so special: Operation is straightforward, the device and the software take care of everything, all you have to do is place the object and press a button. The CYBERGLOBE Culture works extremely effectively, which also keeps the costs very low. If you convert the price to the number of strokes of the 3D scanner from book2net, then you can assume €0.47 per digitized item. A fraction of the cost you would have to pay for a service provider. From seven scans per hour, including calculation by the software, are possible.

      The purchase is therefore worthwhile from a financial point of view. Especially as you don’t need an IT expert to operate it. The employee digitizing the exhibits can do something else while the 80-megapixel camera moves downwards in a semicircle and the 0.1-millimetre-thick, yet robust support table rotates around its own axis. During this process, the camera takes photos from 250 perspectives. These images are then combined by the software to form a large whole without having to make any adjustments.

      Further advantages are the longevity of the product made in Germany and the service, because we are also on hand with help and advice after the purchase.

      Fully automatic, detailed iamges

      Before going into more detail about the technology of the CYBERGLOBE Culture, we should first look at how three-dimensional scanning has worked in the past and what results it has delivered. In the past, there were two possibilities: Either you could walk around the object with a handheld scanner, but it was impossible to always keep the exact same distance to the object. The consequence: distortions. Or you could make complicated set-ups, which took time, and still not manage to scan the object completely. Often, the holder that had been specially created was in the way.

      With the CYBERGLOBE Culture there is nothing in the way. The support table is transparent and non-reflective, so there are no problems when scanning from below. The four LED lights, the reflector and the True Color Converter also ensure that the results are true to the original. These components guarantee that the object is correctly illuminated, that no shadows are cast and that the colors are reproduced exactly as they appear on the original. This applies both to static objects such as a vase and to flexible objects such as a medal on a ribbon.

      A system „out of the box“

      State-of-the-art technology, finely tuned to each other, ensures excellent results. Objects with a maximum diameter and height of 46 cm and a maximum weight of 20 kg can be transferred to the digital world. Anyone interested in the exhibits in a museum can virtually “bring them home”. The three-dimensional digital image is a huge enrichment, not least for scientific research, as every little detail can be viewed without having to pick up the object. Of course, this also protects the objects. This also applies elsewhere: the CYBERGLOBE Culture is very mobile, so that it can easily be brought to the object − the reverse is not necessary.

      With the market launch of CYBERGLOBE Culture we have succeeded in giving a decisive boost to digitalization in the cultural sector. The past can be transported into the future. Vividly and faithfully. The technology is now available.

      VIDEO

      Dragon for the ThULB Jena

      Das Volksblatt wird digitalisiert

      In alten Zeitungen zu blättern, hat in vielerlei Hinsicht seinen Reiz. So unterscheidet sich beispielsweise die Reklame, die damals erschienen ist, deutlich von heutigen Anzeigen. Auch der Schreibstil in den Artikeln verändert sich im Laufe der Jahrzehnte. Und natürlich ist es spannend, sich die redaktionellen Inhalte genauer anzuschauen, insbesondere was die politischen Strömungen und technischen Entwicklungen angeht. Das sieht auch Dr. Andreas Christoph so, der an der Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek in Jena ein Digitalisierungsprojekt verantwortet, bei dem ein book2net Dragon-Scanner aus unserem Hause zum Einsatz kommt. Derzeit wird das Volksblatt – bis 1904 unter dem Titel Saalfelder Volksblatt erschienen – digitalisiert. Dabei handelte es sich um eine sozialdemokratische Tageszeitung, die in den Jahren 1890 bis 1933 publiziert wurde. Das Volksblatt liegt heute nahezu komplett im Stadtarchiv Saalfeld.

      Das Projekt in zahlen

      Projekthintergrund

      Neben dem vielschichtigen Interesse an alten Zeitungsausgaben allgemein spielen beim Volksblatt zwei weitere Aspekte eine Rolle: die Bedeutung des langjährigen Herausgebers Arthur Hofmann und der Stellenwert dieser Tageszeitung beim Erforschen der SPD-Geschichte in Thüringen von ihren Anfängen bis 1933.

      Archivbestände der thüringischen SPD, vor allem aus der Zeit der Weimarer Republik, haben sich nur in geringem Umfang erhalten. Die Geschichte der Partei gerade für diesen Zeitabschnitt ist bislang kaum aufgearbeitet. Von daher kommt dem Volksblatt große Bedeutung zu“, heißt es im Antrag auf Förderung des Digitalisierungs-Projektes. Was den Herausgeber – und Leitartikel-Schreiber –  Arthur Hofmann (1863-1944) angeht, so zählte er zu den herausragenden Thüringer Sozialdemokraten. Er war Mitbegründer der SPD in Saalfeld und Rudolstadt, außerdem mehr als drei Jahrzehnte Landtagsabgeordneter und nach 1918 Regierungsmitglied in Sachsen-Meiningen. Zudem wirkte er als Abgeordneter und zeitweise stellvertretender Regierungschef im Land Thüringen sowie als Mitglied von Reichstag und Nationalversammlung. 

      Die Technik

      „Wir sichern erstmal nur das Erbe“, sagt Projektleiter Dr. Andreas Christoph. Wobei das Sichern auch auf das altersbedingt brüchige Zeitungspapier anspielt. Würde jeder Interessierte einfach in den alten Beständen blättern, käme es zu erheblichen Schäden.

      Der book2net Dragon-Scanner bietet mit seiner objektschonenden Funktionsweise und seiner Schnelligkeit die ideale Lösung. Man legt die jeweilige Doppelseite der Zeitung auf den Buchtisch, der Dragon separiert dann beim Scannen die linke und die rechte Seite, so dass im Digitalisat letztlich jede Seite einzeln betrachtet werden kann.

      Bei diesem Projekt an der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek in Jena ist neben der Technik auch der Mensch gefragt, der die Arbeit am Scanner erledigt. Dabei setzt das Team um Dr. Andreas Christoph auf den Inklusionsgedanken: Mitarbeiter der Lebenshilfe wirken entscheidend an der Digitalisierung der Zeitungsausgaben mit. 

      ZUM DRAGON

      Ausblick

      Voraussichtlich bis zum  Herbst dieses Jahres sollen alle Volksblatt-Ausgaben digitalisiert sein. Die Zeitungsseiten werden dann, so ist der Plan, auf Landes- und Bundesportalen veröffentlicht, zudem auf der Plattform Europeana, auf der digitales Kulturerbe aus Europa zu finden ist.

      Wer Interesse an den Zeitungsausgaben hat, kann einfach blättern oder bestimmte Ausgaben durchforsten. Die technische Entwicklung könnte es darüber hinaus ermöglichen, dass man nach Stichworten sucht und daraufhin Ergebnisse angezeigt bekommt. Optical Character Recognition (OCR), die optische Zeichenerkennung, wäre ein Instrument, um dies Realität werden zu lassen.

      Weitere Case Studies

      klassikstiftung-weimar

      Goethe Multispectral

      Goethe and much more

      When you think of Weimar, Goethe, Schiller and the Bauhaus style quickly come to mind. Three flagships for sure, but the Thuringian city has many other cultural facets to offer, which the Klassik Stiftung Weimar is committed to preserving. Thereby, it covers a spectrum that is second to none. Certainly, Goethe plays a central, but by no means the only relevant role. The foundation comprises more than 27 museums, palaces, historic houses and parks as well as collections of literature and art. Naturally, it would like to preserve this extensive collection, pass it on to future generations and make it accessible to as many people as possible in the present and future.

      A comprehensive digitization of these rich collections is therefore only logical. MICROBOX GmbH is supporting the Klassik Stiftung Weimar in this project by using the book2net multispectral system.  With its unique technology, it ensures that even the smallest detail on each individual work of art that is scanned is reliably captured. This is complemented by software that enables the user to work quickly, conveniently and accurately.

      Goethe_Schiller_Weimar_c_Andreas Trepte_CC BY-SA 2.5
      Goethe_Schiller_Weimar_c_Andreas Trepte_CC BY-SA 2.5
      klassikstiftung-weimar
      Photo: © Klassik Stiftung Weimar, photographers: Hannes Bertram

      The Klassik Stiftung Weimar

      This non-profit foundation under public law has set itself the task of preserving cultural treasures that bear witness to the period from the 16th to the 20th century. The institution was created in 2003 from the merger of the Stiftung Weimarer Klassik and the Kunstsammlungen zu Weimar, but its beginnings date back to the late 19th century.

      In addition to the preservation and presentation of cultural assets, the Klassik Stiftung Weimar is also concerned with education. This starts at nursery and primary school age, but offers programs for all age groups. Another important pillar is research – including in cooperation with universities and other institutions in Germany and abroad.

      the klassik stiftung Weimar in numbers

      Capture, analyze & restore

      The X71 multispectral system is being used to digitize hand drawings and prints from the 15th century to the present day for the Klassik Stiftung Weimar, including works by Albrecht Dürer, Leonardo da Vinci, Lucas Cranach and Caspar David Friedrich. In total, there are around 230,000 works.

      “An important part of the collection are Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s own drawings and his art collection. The poet owned over 9,000 prints and more than 2,000 hand drawings,” explains Uwe Golle from the Klassik Stiftung Weimar. He also refers to over 2,000 herbarium leaves from Goethe’s natural history collection, which are also being digitized using multispectral technology. These are dried and pressed plants or parts thereof.

      All the works that the Klassik Stiftung scans, stores and publishes are about preserving them for future generations in two ways. Firstly, because the digitized works are not exposed to the environmental influences that the originals are confronted with. Secondly, each individual sheet can be precisely analyzed thanks to the state-of-the-art technology and convenient software of our X71 multispectral system. Mould stains, moisture, old restorations and more are detected – and counter-measures are taken.

      Digitization is followed by restoration. For example, paper tears are closed and ageing processes are slowed down or stopped. Uwe Golle explains: “Everything we handle should then be in a condition that, if stored correctly, will not need to be restored again for 50 to 100 years.”

      KSW-Case Study

      The Technology

      The objects are digitized with our X71 multispectral system. Infrared and UV light can be used to capture every last detail. For example, the paper structure, any preliminary drawings, watermarks and pigments that would be invisible or only faintly visible to the naked eye become visible. Anyone using the multispectral system can “delve” into the depths of each individual page and gather important insights. One example: infrared light in a certain waveband optically highlights substances containing carbon, while other sites in the same waveband appear faded. With the easy-to-use software, you can display what you want to analyze with just a few clicks.

      There is no need to change a filter on the lens for all this. The camera itself recognizes which areas it needs to focus on at that moment and which areas it needs to “fade out”. By dispensing with a manually installed filter, vibrations that would have a negative effect on the scanning process are avoided.

      The images taken with the X71 multispectral system provide the Klassik Stiftung Weimar’s graphic arts restoration department with a contemporary documentation of the incoming works and their condition and are fundamental for restoration planning and any further examination.

      OTHER Case Studies

      Gutenberg Bible Mainz

      Gutenberg Bible Mainz
      digitized
      with Cobra A2


      Video

      The famous 42-line Gutenberg Bible is considered to be the first book printed with movable type in the western world. It was created between 1452 and 1454 in Johannes Gutenberg’s printing workshop in Mainz, from which around 180 copies were produced. Of these, 30 were probably printed on precious parchment and around 150 on paper. Today, 49 of them are still known worldwide.

      The design of the fonts and the printing in two columns adhere very closely to the appearance of contemporary manuscripts. Only the text was printed. Each buyer had the colourful decoration and the binding made independently by specialized craftsmen, the rubricators and illuminators. Each copy of the Gutenberg Bible is therefore unique.

      The print usually consists of two volumes in folio format, of which the first volume contains the first part of the Old Testament, the second volume mainly the prophets of the Old Testament and the New Testament.

      The Gutenberg-Museum in Mainz owns two editions of the Bible, bound in three volumes.
      These are exhibited together with other precious works in the museum’s walk-in vault.

      The Gutenberg Bible in numbers

      copies

      on parchment

      on paper

      copies worldwide

      Project background

      The Gutenberg-Museum in Mainz holds two editions of the Bible, bound in three volumes. These are exhibited together with other precious works in the museum’s walk-in vault.
      For the digitization project of the precious Mainz editions, the MICROBOX GmbH is providing the Gutenberg Museum with the special V-shape high-resolution scanner book2net Cobra A2.
      This scanner with its gentle V-shape bookcradle and conservational lighting system was developed specifically for the digitization of the most precious illuminated manuscripts and incunabula.

      book2net action

      MICROBOX is making its book scanner book2net Cobra A2 available to the museum for the duration of the project. The digitization will be carried out by museum staff after intensive training and with the support of MICROBOX specialists.

      Results

      A total of around 2000 pages will be digitized. The digital copies will later be made available to researchers and the public online via the Gutenberg Capture platform of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.

      See Cobra

      Further Case Studies

        book2net Cobra A2 semi-robotic V-scanner in use for the digitization of the precious Gutenberg Bible in Mainz
      11.03.2024 Press event at the Gutenberg Museum on the occasion of the digitization of the Gutenberg Bible

      Gutenberg Bible Mainz digitized with Cobra A2

      11.03.2024 Press event at the Gutenberg Museum on the occasion of the digitization of the Gutenberg Bible
      11.03.2024 Press event at the Gutenberg Museum on the occasion of the digitization of the Gutenberg Bible / © D. Ghemires

      The famous 42-line Gutenberg Bible is considered to be the first book printed with movable type in the western world. It was created between 1452 and 1454 in Johannes Gutenberg’s printing workshop in Mainz, from which around 180 copies were produced. Of these, 30 were probably printed on precious parchment and around 150 on paper.

      The Gutenberg Museum in Mainz owns two editions of the Bible on paper, bound in three volumes. They are on display in the museum’s walk-in vault.

      For the project to digitize these precious Mainz editions, our company MICROBOX is providing the Gutenberg Museum with our special scanner book2net Cobra A2. This scanner with its gentle V-pressure and conservational lighting system was developed specifically for the digitization of the most precious illuminated manuscripts and incunabula.

      We are proud to contribute to making this unique and valuable cultural treasure available online to the general public and to scientific research.

      Further information on the press conference at the Gutenberg Museum on 11.03.2024 can be found at  https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/mainz/gutenberg-bibel-mainz-wird-digitalisiert-100.html

      Digitization of the Gutenberg Bible by an employee of the museum
      Digitization of the Gutenberg Bible by an employee of the museum / © D. Ghemires

      Medieval Manuscripts Project

      Digitizing
      Medieval Manuscripts
      with Cobra A1

      ARD Mediathek from min. 19:40

      With funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG), a total of 462 medieval manuscripts from public institutions in the cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz are to be digitized in an extensive project by 2026.

      The Middle Rhine episcopal cities of Speyer, Worms and Mainz were among the political, religious and economic centers of the Middle Ages and produced a rich book culture, which today, however, is rather confusing due to the damage of subsequent centuries.

      With the comprehensive digitization of the holdings and the public availability of the image data, researchers will have the opportunity to examine the cultural and transmission history of these book treasures in more detail.

      “We are therefore delighted that we can now digitize these treasures and make them accessible to the public.”

      Dr. Christian George
      Head of the Archives and Collections Department, Mainz University Library

      The project in numbers

      manuscripts

      centuries

      institutions

      digitized pages

      Digitization is carried out at the Mainz University Library Digitization Centre under the direction of Dr. Christian George, Head of the Archives and Collections Department.

       

      Participating institutions:

       
      Speyer
      LBZ/Palatinate State Library (14 manuscripts)
      Speyer Diocesan Archives (3 manuscripts)
      Speyer City Archive (7 manuscripts)
       
      Worms
      Worms City Archive (13 manuscripts)
      Scientific City Library of Worms (2 manuscripts)
       
      Mainz
      Scientific City Library (273 manuscripts)
      Mainz City Archive (51 manuscripts)
      Martinus Library (56 manuscripts)
      Gutenberg Museum (17 manuscripts)
      Mainz Cathedral and Diocesan Museum (14 manuscripts)
      Mainz Cathedral and Diocesan Archives (8 manuscripts)
      Mainz University Library (3 manuscripts)
      Archive of the Mainz Cathedral Choir (1 manuscript)
       

       

      Book2net participation

      As part of this project, book2net has already provided the Gutenberg Museum Mainz with its special COBRA A2 scanner for digitizing the Gutenberg Bible.

      A book2net COBRA A1 V-scanner is used in the digitization center at Mainz University Library. The reduced aperture angle enables book-friendly digitization according to restoration specifications. The scan results fully comply with the DFG rules of practice.

      Outlook

      A total of around 170,000 pages are to be digitized over the next three years. The digitized material will be made available to researchers and the public online via the platform Gutenberg Capture of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.

      See Cobra

      Further Case Studies

      Raking light

      Raking light is a technique in which an object is illuminated from one side only, at an oblique angle in relation to its surface. It is used in particular in the scientific analysis of art works to reveal the surface structure and judge the condition of the objects. In the case of paintings, this makes it easier to recognize unevenness in the support or flaking in the paint layer; in the case of objects made of stone or metal, such as coins, it makes it easier to recognize and read scratch marks or inscriptions rubbed off through use.

      Book2net offers the option of raking light illumination in its repro systems, for example.

       

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