Glossary Archives - Page 15 of 15 - book❷net book scanners

Photosensitivity

Posted on 12. May 202115. June 2022 by multiadmin

High light intensity, in particular through UV radiation, can cause irreparable damage to sensitive works of art, especially works made of paper, such as graphics, illuminated manuscripts or old books. Depending on time and light intensity, exposure starts biochemical processes that accelerate the organic aging process and lead to structural changes in paper, ink and paint.

Therefore, when digitizing such objects, it is imperative to pay attention to a preservation approved lighting system. With conventional methods such as line sensor technology, that requires a light intensity of up to 14,000 lux, there is a very high risk that valuable objects can be damaged. In contrast, the CMOS sensor technology we use ensures that the documents are captured fast and particularly gently. Specially developed light control modules also offer the option of adapting the lighting in accordance with preservation requirements and reducing it to a light intensity of <= 2500 lux.

Conservation

Posted on 12. May 202124. August 2023 by multiadmin

In the area of cultural property protection, conservation or preservation refers to all measures that serve to examine, document and preserve the authenticity of works that are important in terms of art and cultural history and that are worthy of protection, without undertaking irreversible interventions that damage the object or change it massively. In 2000 the guidelines for preventive conservation were laid down in the Vantaa document.

Conservation is a preventive measure to secure the property and protect it from destruction, be it through catastrophes, wars or climatic influences, and to avoid restoration. However, a professional restoration can also be necessary for the permanent preservation of an object.

In the museum and archiving area, the conservation measures for exhibited and stored objects primarily include ensuring and controlling a stable room climate with regard to temperature and humidity as well as reducing light and pollutant emissions.

In a broader sense, the digitization of cultural assets is also a conservation measure. It enables objects to be seen, examined and researched without being subject to physical stress from transport, exposure or use. At the same time, however, the digitization process itself must meet preservation requirements and must not lead to any damage to the objects.

book2net - preservation approved book cradle

Modern scanning systems for the digitization of valuable cultural objects must therefore have the appropriate preservative components. These include, among other things, an adjustable, gentle lighting system, wear-preventing contact surfaces, book cradles with book spine release and adjustable opening angle and special glass, controllable pressure processses as well as special supplements for careful handling.

Rara

Posted on 11. May 202115. June 2022 by multiadmin

Rara (from Latin rarus = rare, singular) is a term used in libraries for particularly valuable illuminated manuscripts, old prints or special documents and writings that are cataloged and stored separately, often in specially secured and ventilated vaults.

Due to their uniqueness and preciousness, such collections are usually only presented to the user on request and in separate reading rooms. In the past, alternatives were facsimile editions or microfilming.

Thanks to the development of gentle, conservative book scanners, these holdings are now increasingly available both to scholar and a broader public worldwide as digital copies.

Work genesis

Posted on 11. May 202122. August 2023 by multiadmin

The genesis of a work of art, i.e. the creation process, can be made visible via forensic examination using multispectral photography. Watermarks, signatures and the analysis of techniques, image carriers, color materials and paper structures can provide information about the places and modes of origin as well as the artistic work process. Scientific research often receive important information about the dating and authenticity of a work of art (original or copy), but also about artistic and economic connections of an artist and his workshop.

The book2net multispectral system supports art science in this scientific investigation.

Ergonomics

Posted on 11. May 202115. June 2022 by multiadmin

Ergonomics is defined as ‘the science of the laws of human or automated work’ with the objective to create a good working atmosphere and avoid health problems.

Thereby, the ergonomic design of the workplace is of increasing importance, especially in office and production areas with predominantly seated or standing activities in front of screens or machines. This also includes the optimization of the working environment and the workstation components such as chairs, tables, keyboards, screens or control buttons to the needs and physical requirements of the working people. Strained vision, dazzling light or poor posture can cause considerable damage to health, especially with long-term exposure.

Ergonomics is therefore a common thread running through the development of all scanning systems at book2net. User-friendly software, fast data processing, glare-free lighting and ergonomic design make it easier for the user to work on the devices and minimize physical stress.

In particular, our production and large format scanners are designed to be extremely user-friendly, which guarantees a relaxed, productive workflow over many hours:

– The devices can be operated as a seated workstation.
– The working height can be optimized using adjustable feet.
– The device can be operated comfortably either by hand and/or foot switch.
– The adjustable LED lighting ensures glare-free work.

Blooming

Posted on 11. May 202114. June 2022 by multiadmin

Blooming is an effect that usually occurs with older, digital cameras with CCD sensors. Light points and stripes on the image are common for this effect. These are caused by overexposed areas, as the sensor’s pixels are only able to absorb a certain amount of charge. The excess amount of charge is released to neighboring pixels, creating a bright spot in the form of a stripe.

The white stripe below the sun is a result of the bloomig effect. On the other hand, the roundish white spot around the sun is caused by scattering of light in the atmosphere and optics and has nothing to do with blooming.

Source: Wikimedia Commons Copyright: Public domain

What can you do about it? So-called anti-blooming gates can be installed in the sensor, which release excess charge. However, this reduces the sensitivity due to the larger pixel size. Long exposure times can result in overexposure, as the charge will drain before a storage cell is full. CCD sensors are therefore rarely provided with these gates, as they are often used for light-sensitive pictures.

Digital repository

Posted on 11. May 202112. October 2022 by multiadmin

As physical stacks are needed to be well managed and well organized, so is the case with online information. One wants online resources to be researchable and organized, just like hard copies.

A digital repository provides you a hub of online resources that one might need for a variety of different functions and purposes. In addition, the digital repository is responsible for preserving digital content.

How do digital repositories work?

Digital repository is a broader term that includes the journey from a single software system to the overall management and planning of online materials. This stewardship is not restricted to hardware or software solely but extends to services, processes, content, rules, regulations, and metadata.

While keeping up intelligent control, digital repositories hold a particular and permanent location so that researchers may not face any difficulty in finding the digital materials they are looking for.

We can find two basic types of digital repositories:

1) Institutional Repository

2) Disciplinary Repository

As evident by its title, an institutional repository is a repository or collection of an institution’s particular resources.
On the other hand, some repositories work as subject-based online archives maintained by a subject community. Such a disciplinary repository contains the data associated with scholars in a specific area.

Advantages of digital repositories

A digital repository deals with intellectual stuff and metadata in the same area.

It allows user-friendly remote access to resources. It works as a valuable tool for RAE (Research Assessment Exercise).

A digital repository allows organizations and institutions to preserve the integrity of their intellectual assets efficiently.

These repositories allow the deposits in bulks, thus reducing the need for physical storage.

Bayer Matrix (Bayer Sensor)

Posted on 11. May 202114. June 2022 by multiadmin

The Bayer matrix is the spatial arrangement of the red, green and blue pixels on a color sensor. A single pixel cannot capture all wavelengths, only the primary colors. Therefore, there are three different types of pixels, called RGB, on a sensor. Without offsetting, this would lead to a loss of 2/3 of the liquidation.

A color sensor of 30 MP, for example, delivers 30 MP color information. This is achieved in that the blue pixel fetches the missing color information red and green from the nearest pixel and uses this information to calculate the real color. This creates 30 MP color information, each from the three values of the basic colors. This process is called demosaicing and the offsetting is the know-how of the camera manufacturer. However, since many different sensors have to be calculated, the Bayer standard has been agreed upon. Here 50% green, 25% blue and 25% red pixels are used.

This division of colors corresponds roughly to that in nature. There are also different methods, for example Sony uses two different shades of green.

Autofocus

Posted on 10. May 202114. June 2022 by multiadmin

Autofocus is a common feature when taking photos with consumer cameras from providers such as Sony, Nikon, or Canon. Before the shutter is released, the focal length is automatically adjusted so that the subject is in focus. Although this function is very useful for private amateur photographers, it is not very helpful for professional digitization. Due to the frequent change of focus, the size of the image section does not remain constant either. This leads to image jumps when looking at the scans. In addition, the mechanics of such cameras are designed more for horizontal photography. Working overhead, such as with a repro system, makes working conditions difficult. With a daily number of several thousand scans, these consumer cameras wear out very quickly.

To minimize this wear and tear and to ensure a comfortable and productive workflow, we use a motorized focus that automatically focuses on defined positions while maintaining its settings. This gives our customers the advantage of quick focus adjustment without having to accept the disadvantages mentioned above.

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics

Related Topics