Category Archives: S

See:

Image sensor/area sensor

Image sensor/CMOS versus CCD

Line sensor

Sustainability is a principle of action in which economic, ecological and social action are in the foreground.

With this in mind, we at MICROBOX act sustainably and considerately and consciously say “YES” to Germany as a business location. We develop and produce on site in Bad Nauheim and purchase 90% of our materials from regional suppliers. This guarantees the quality and longevity of our products, which also have extremely low energy consumption. If possible, we also offer the revision of old scanning systems to the latest status as an alternative to buying a new one − an investment that pays off for our environment and our customers.

The components of the book2net scanning systems are connected to one another with screws. These can be easily removed during recycling and all components recycled separately. The steel housings are also fed directly back into the material cycle. In this process we only work with certified companies.

It is our aim to create attractive offers for our customers, which, however, are never at the expense of the environment or social and labor law requirements.

Spectroscopy refers to a group of physical methods which decompose radiation according to certain properties such as wavelength, energy, mass, etc. The intensity distribution that can be read is called a spectrum. The quantitative measurement of these spectra is done by means of a spectrometer and, the graphical representation as spectrograms.

Spectroscopy is one of the non-invasive, non-destructive scientific examination methods used in art technology, particularly in the field of damage analysis or forgery detection.

Numerous materials used in works of art, such as inks, pigments, etc., can be identified on the basis of their interactions with electromagnetic radiation. These interactions can be detected and assigned to specific materials; thus, the spectrum becomes material-specific, a quasi-optical fingerprint. Storing such reference spectra in reference databases supports the work of scientists in their research.

For art technological analyses, visible (Vis=visible) light, radiation in the infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) range, and X-rays in particular are used.

Spectral colors describe the color impression of the human color perception that light of a certain wavelength produces. They are created when white light is refracted through a prism. This causes the light to split into the seven spectral colors visible to the human eye, i.e. into monochromatic light of a specific wavelength that cannot be further subdivided. If these spectral colors are combined again, white light is produced once more.

In nature, this phenomenon is best observed using the example of a rainbow. Sunlight is refracted by raindrops as if through a prism, causing the spectral colors to appear in the form of a rainbow in the sky.

The spectrum of light visible to humans lies between the long-wave end of ultraviolet light (360 to 380 nm) and the short-wave beginning of infrared light (780 to 820 nm). The perceived hue changes smoothly from violet to blue to green to yellow to red.

The seven spectral colors are violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red and indigo. They can be assigned to the following wave ranges:

• Violet: 380 to 430 nm
• Blue: 430 to 490 nm
• Green: 490 to 570 nm
• Yellow: 570 to 600 nm
• Orange: 600 to 640 nm
• Red: 640 to 780 nm

The color indigo is located in a middle range between the blue and the green wavelength range.

In photography, stitching refers to the use of special software to create a large photograph from various smaller individual shots, which usually show overlapping sections of the subject, e.g. for panoramic shots, if the individual shot does not capture the desired image angle.

In scanning, stitching is used sporadically to achieve a higher resolution in the large format range than would be possible with a full-format single shot.

In addition to a distortion-free and true-color imaging technique, the optimal reproduction of surface structures requires in particular a differentiated lighting technique. Not every original to be digitized has a flat surface or texture that is sufficiently illuminated by a simple, conventional light source to be digitized without shadows or reflections./span>

For example, valuable illuminated old manuscripts with heightened and waved surfaces, special inks and colors and especially gold grounds and gildings require a special and equally gentle, conservational illumination technique.

Therefore, we at book2net have developed special lighting systems for the optimal illumination of a wide variety of objects. Whether you want to digitize stamps or large formats, coins or paintings, sealed letters or glass negatives, loose, bound, flat, raised or corrugated originals, glossy or matte surfaces or a wide variety of material structures (transparent, metallic, wooden, textile, earthen etc.) – the book2net scanning systems meet all requirements.

Gentle illumination from cold-light LEDs and Fresnel lenses ensure uniform, flat illumination with a soft edge and infinitely variable regulation of the light emission angle. Depending on the system, additional lighting or individually controllable and synchronized lighting units provide the greatest possible flexibility in the design of desired lighting scenarios such as incident light, sided light or transmitted light.

Scanning time basically refers to the speed at which a scanner performs a scan. It should be noted that, in contrast to the process time, which covers the entire cycle including image processing and data storage, the scanning speed only includes the pure capturing time.

In order to achieve comparability between different scanning systems, it is therefore essential that the scanning speed is always specified in relation to the format and resolution, e.g. 400 dpi for A2 color.z.B. 400 dpi bei A2 Color.

Die book2net Scanner Cobra, Flash, Mosquito, Hornet und Dragon sind als Spezial- und Produktionsscanner für die Massendigitalisierung großformatiger sowie unhandlicher und schwerer Vorlagen konzipiert.

Um dabei eine schonenden, effizienten und zugleich anwenderfreundlichen Ablauf zu garantieren, sind diese Systeme mit einer Scanautomatik zur komfortablen und variablen Steuerung von Buchwippe/Vorlagentisch und Glasandruck ausgestattet.

Industrielle Standards und Komponenten wie Präzisionsführung, Linearantrieb und SPS-Steuerung garantieren eine leichtgängige und gleichmäßige Führung und Einstellung aller beweglichen Elemente.

So können die Systeme gezielt an die Ablaufprozesse der jeweiligen Projektanforderungen angepasst werden. Die Scan-Ablaufprozesse können dabei individuell programmiert werden. Wahlweise stehen dafür unterschiedliche Programme zur vollautomatischen, halbautomatischen oder rein manuellen Bedienung zur Verfügung. Die Verfahrwege können dabei entsprechend des Vorlagenformates optimiert werden.

Variable Steuerung:

• vollautomatisch
• semi-automatisch
• manuell
• zeitgesteuert
• aktionsgesteuert
• Benutzer gesteuert

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Under the unofficial name A4+ (A4 plus), there is an oversize format based on the DIN A4 format that is used in inkjet and laser printers. It is offered to end customers specifically by printer manufacturers and paper suppliers. Due to the lack of standardization of this oversize format, the formats differ somewhat. Some A4-based formats have a uniform bleed of three millimeters per side (216 × 303 mm) and sometimes corresponding tear-off edges. Some (U.S.) suppliers also specify A4+ as 9½ × 13 in (inch/inch) (241 × 330 mm), which is virtually the same as the untrimmed A4U (240 × 330 mm) sheet format from ISO 5457 for technical drawings.

In photographic and commercial printing, the likewise non-standardized oversize format A3+ (A3 plus), also known as Super A3 or Super B, exists accordingly. The dimensions are usually selected so that an A3 page can be printed borderless on a paper manufacturer’s printer.

For the class of 17″ printers (usually referred to as A2 printers), there is an oversize format A2+ (432 × 648 mm), with the 2:3 aspect ratio common for photos. This format is aimed at users who want to use the full width or flatness of their printer. In the 36″ printer class, an oversize format known as E/A0 or A0 big (917 × 1189 mm) is sometimes used, which combines the height of a DIN A0 sheet with a width of approximately 36.1 inches.